Urutan waktu sejarah penting dalam sosiologi ini memuat
lebih dari 700 daftar : kejadian, tokoh, dan publikasi penting yang mempunyai
dampak besar pada ranah sosiologi (J. Michael Ryan : dalam buku The Blackwell
Encyclopedia of Sociology ed. George
Ritzer)
551–479 BCE Confucius theorizes life and society. His
work is primarily known through the
Analects of Confucius, compiled by his disciples
posthumously
469–399 BCE Socrates lays the foundation of western
philosophy
384–322 BCE Aristotle makes further contributions to
western science and philosophy
360 BCE Plato debates the nature of ethics and politics
in Republic
973–1048 CE Al Biruni, Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad
1332–1406 Ibn Khaldun, Abdel Rahman
1377 Ibn Khaldun writes Muqaddimah, which many consider
one of the first important
works in sociology
1516 Thomas More’s Utopia, in which the term ‘‘utopia’’
is coined
1588–1679 Hobbes, Thomas
1637 Rene´ Descartes pronounces ‘‘cogito, ergo sum’’ (I
think, therefore I am) in his
Discourse on Method
1651 Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan discusses the requirement
of surrender of sovereignty
to the state needed to prevent a ‘‘war of all against
all’’
1689–1755 Montesquieu, Baron de
1692–3 Edmund Halley publishes the first life table
1712–78 Rousseau, Jean Jacques
1713 James Waldegrave introduces an early form of game
theory
1723–90 Smith, Adam
1724–1804 Kant, Immanuel
1739 David Hume publishes Treatise on Human Nature advocating
the study of humanity
through direct observation rather than abstract
philosophy
1748 Baron de Montesquieu argues that society is the
source of all laws in The Spirit of the
Laws
1759–97 Wollstonecraft, Mary
1760–1825 Saint Simon, Claude Henri
1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract,
which prioritizes contracts
between people and the social will over government
control
1764 Reverend Thomas Bayes’s Essay Towards Solving a
Problem in the Doctrine of
Chances, published posthumously, contains a statement of
his Bayes theorem, the
foundation of Bayesian statistics
1766–1834 Malthus, Thomas Robert
1767 Adam Ferguson asserts that conflict between nations
leads to solidarity and paves the
way for civil society in Essay on the Origin of Civil
Society
1770–1831 Hegel, G. W. F.
1772–1823 Ricardo, David
1775 American Revolution begins
1776 Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense presents a
commonsense critique of British
monarchical rule over America
1776 Adam Smith discusses the invisible hand of
capitalism in An Inquiry into the Nature
and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
1781 Kant
argues against the radical empiricism of Hume in Critique of Pure Reason
1788 Kant argues for the essence of free will in Critique
of Practical Reason
1789 Jeremy Bentham develops the greatest happiness principle
in Introduction to the
Principles of Morals and Legislation, introducing a
theory of social morals
1789 Condorcet coins the term ‘‘social science’’
1789 French Revolution begins
1790 First US Census taken
1792 Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman, an early feminist classic
1798 Malthus theorizes demographics with his Essay on the
Principle of Population
1798–1857 Comte, Auguste
1801 First British Census taken
1802–76 Martineau, Harriet
1804–72 Feuerbach, Ludwig
1805–59 Tocqueville, Alexis de
1805 The method of least squares presented by Adrien
Marie Legendre in Nouvelles
me´thodes pour la de´termination des orbites des come`tes
[New Methods for Determining the
Orbits of Comets]
1806–73 Mill, John Stuart
1806–82 Le Play, Fre´de´ric
1807 Hegel’s Phenomenology of Mind, a key source on
Hegel’s idealism
1809–82 Darwin, Charles
1812–87 Mayhew, Henry
1817 Ricardo’s The Principles of Political Economy and
Taxation, a classic in political
economy laying out the advantages of free trade
1818–83 Marx, Karl
1820–95 Engels, Friedrich
1820–1903 Spencer, Herbert
1822–1911 Galton, Francis
1832–1917 Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett
1833–1911 Dilthey, William
1834 Statistical Society of London (later Royal
Statistical Society) founded
1835–82 Jevons, William
1835–1909 Lombroso, Cesare
1835 Adolphe Que´telet authors Sur l’homme et le
de´veloppement de ses faculte´s, ou Essai de
physique sociale [On Man and the Development of his
Faculties, an Essay on Social
Physics] outlining his ideas of ‘‘the average man,’’ a statistical
denotation of the mean
values of measured variables
1837 Hegel’s Philosophy of History, a dialectical
analysis of the goal of human history
1837 Martineau’s Society in America, an early
sociological classic based on the author’s
travels through America
1838–1909 Gumplowicz, Ludwig
1839 Comte coins the term ‘‘sociology’’
1839 American Statistical Association founded
1840 Tocqueville offers early insight into the United
States in Democracy in America
1840–1902 Krafft Ebing, Richard von
1840–1910 Sumner, William Graham
1840–1916 Booth, Charles
1841–1913 Ward, Lester Frank
1842–1904 Ratzenhofer, Gustav
1842–1910 James, William
1843 Mill in A System of Logic says that science needs
both inductive and deductive
Reasoning
1843–1904 Tarde, Gabriel
of 1844 (not published until 1932)
1844–1900 Nietzsche, Friedrich
1846 Marx authors The German Ideology, proposing a
methodology of historical
materialism
1848 Marx and Engels inspire the masses and call for
revolution with the Communist
Manifesto
1848 Mill debates the principles of socialism in his Principles
of Political Economy
1848–1923 Pareto, Vilfredo
1849–1928 Howard, George Elliott
1850 Spencer introduces his ideas of social structure and
change in Social Statics
1851 Feuerbach’s Lectures on the Essence of Religion
1851 The Crystal Palace opens during first World’s Fair
in London
1854–1926 Small, Albion W.
1854–1932 Geddes, Sir Patrick
1854–1941 Frazer, Sir James
1855–1936 To¨nnies, Ferdinand
1855 Le Play authors Les Ouvriers europe´ens, a series of
36 monographs on the budgets of
typical families selected from diverse industries
1856–1939 Freud, Sigmund
1857 In Britain, the Society of the Study of Social
Problems is created
1857–1913 Saussure, Ferdinand de
1857–1929 Veblen, Thorstein
1857–61 Marx lays the groundwork for his later work on
political economy and capitalism in
Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political
Economy
1857–84 The National Association for the Promotion of
Social Science operates in Britain
1857–1936 Pearson, Karl
1858–1917 Durkheim, E ´ mile
1858–1918 Simmel, Georg
1858–1922 Sarasvati, Pandita Ramabai
1858–1941 Mosca, Gaetano
1858–1942 Boas, Franz
1858–1943 Webb, Beatrice
1858–1916 Kidd, Benjamin
1859 Charles Darwin writes about evolution through
natural selection in The Origin of
Species
1859–1939 Ellis, Havelock
1859–1952 Dewey, John
1859–1938 Husserl, Edmund
1860–1935 Addams, Jane
1860–1935 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins
1861–96 Rizal, Jose´
1863–1931 Mead, George Herbert
1863–1941 Sombart, Werner
1863–1945 Spearman, Charles Edward
1863–1947 Thomas, William I.
1864–1920 Weber, Max
1864–1929 Cooley, Charles Horton
1864–1929 Hobhouse, L. T.
1864–1944 Park, Robert E.
1866–1951
Ross, Edward Alsworth
1867 Marx publishes one of the greatest insights into
capitalism with Capital, Vol. 1:
A Critique of Political Economy
1868–1935 Hirschfeld, Magnus
1868–1963 Du Bois, W. E. B.
1869–1940 Goldman, Emma
1870–1954 Weber, Marianne
1870–1964 Pound, Roscoe
1871–1919 Luxemburg, Rosa
1871–1954 Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm
1873 Spencer’s Study of Sociology becomes the first book
used as a text to teach sociology
in the United States, although no formal sociology class
yet exists
1875–1962 Yanagita, Kunio
1876–96 Spencer writes his three volume work on Principles
of Sociology
1876–1924 Go¨kalp, Ziya
1876–1936 Michels, Robert
1876–1937 Gosset, William Sealy
1876–1958 Beard, Mary Ritter
1877–1945 Halbwachs, Maurice
1877 Galton introduces the statistical phenomenon of
regression and uses this term,
although he originally termed it ‘‘reversion’’
1879–1963 Beveridge, William Henry
1881–1955 Radcliffe Brown, Alfred R.
1882–1958 Znaniecki, Florian
1882–1970 MacIver, Robert
1883–1950 Schumpeter, Joseph A.
1883–1972 Takata, Yasuma
1884 Engels argues that women are subordinated by
society, not biology, in The Origins of
the Family, Private Property, and the State
1884–1942 Malinowski, Bronislaw K.
1885–1971 Luka´cs, Georg
1886 Krafft Ebing publishes Psychopathia Sexualis, one of
the first systematic studies of
sexuality
1886 Sarasvati authors The High Caste Hindu Woman,
raising public consciousness about
the plight of Hindu women and marking the beginning of
family and kinship studies
in India
1886–1964 Polanyi, Karl
1886–1966 Burgess, Ernest W.
1887 To¨nnies’s Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft introduces
his concepts of the same name
1887 Rizal publishes his first novel, Noli Me Tangere [Touch
Me Not], describing the
problems of Filipino society and blaming Spanish colonial
rule
1887–1949 Sarkar, Benoy Kumar
1889 Charles Booth publishes his pioneering study of
London poverty as Life and Labour
of the People of London
1889–1968 Sorokin, Pitirim A.
1889–1976 Heidegger, Martin
1890 William James’s Principles of Psychology is an early
scientific work in psychology
noted for its emphasis on the self
1890 Tarde distinguishes between the imitative and
inventive in Laws of Imitation
1890 The first course in sociology is taught at the
University of Kansas in Lawrence
1890 Sir James Frazer authors The Golden Bough, a
comparative study of mythology and
religion
1890–1947
Lewin, Kurt
1890–1962 Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
1891 The first department of sociology and history is founded
at the University of Kansas
in Lawrence
1891 Walter Francis Wilcox’s The Divorce Problem: A Study
in Statistics
1891–1937 Gramsci, Antonio
1892 Small founds first major Department of Sociology at
the University of Chicago
1892–1940 Benjamin, Walter
1893 Durkheim discusses the transition from mechanical to
organic solidarity in The
Division of Labor in Society
1893 New Zealand becomes the first country in the world
to grant women the right to
vote
1893 The first journal of sociology, Revue Internationale
de Sociologie, is edited by Rene´
Worms in Paris
1893 The first sociological society, the Institut
International de Sociologie, is founded in
France
1893 Pearson introduces the term ‘‘standard deviation’’
1893–1947 Mannheim, Karl
1893–1950 Sutherland, Edwin H.
1893–1956 Johnson, Charles Spurgeon
1893–1981 Marshall, Thomas Humphrey
1894 Kidd publishes Social Evolution, setting forth his
ideas about the constant strife
between individual and public interest
1894–1956 Kinsey, Alfred
1894–1962 Frazier, E. Franklin
1894–1966 Suzuki, Eitaro
1895 Durkheim presents a methodological foundation for
sociology in Rules of the
Sociological Method
1895 The first large scale census of the German Empire is
taken
1895 The first Department of Sociology in Europe is
founded by Durkheim at the
University of Bordeaux
1895 The Fabians found the London School of Economics
(LSE)
1895 The American Journal of Sociology (AJS) is begun by
Albion Small
1895 Nietzsche attacks sociology in Twilight of the Idols
1895–1973 Horkheimer, Max
1895–1988 Mendieta y Nu´n˜ ez, Lucio
1895–1990 Mumford, Lewis
1896–1988 Kurauchi, Kazuta
1897 Durkheim uses Suicide to demonstrate how even the
most seemingly individual of
acts still has a basis in the social
1897 Rivista Italiana di Sociologia appears in Italy
1897–1957 Reich, Wilhelm
1897–1962 Bataille, Georges
1897–1990 Elias, Norbert
1898 Durkheim founds the journal L’Anne´e Sociologique (later
Annales de Sociologie)
1898–1970 Warner, William Lloyd
1898–1979 Marcuse, Herbert
1899 Veblen develops his idea of conspicuous consumption
in The Theory of the Leisure
Class
1899 Du Bois’s The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study is
one of the first urban
ethnographies
1899–1959 Schu¨ tz, Alfred
1899–1960
Becker, Howard
1899–1977 Thomas, Dorothy Swain
1900 Freud introduces his early principles of
psychoanalysis in Interpretation of Dreams
1900 Husserl lays the groundwork of phenomenology in Logical
Investigations
1900 Simmel discusses the tragedy of culture in The
Philosophy of Money
1900 Pearson introduces the chi squared test and the name
for it in an article in the
London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and
Journal of Science
1900–80 Fromm, Erich
1900–87 Blumer, Herbert
1901 E. A. Ross authors Social Control, in which he
analyzes societal stability in terms of
sympathy, sociability, and social justice
1901–74 Cox, Oliver Cromwell
1901–76 Lazarsfeld, Paul
1901–78 Mead, Margaret
1901–81 Lacan, Jacques
1901–91 Lefebvre, Henri
1902 Cooley’s Human Nature and Social Order is an early
classic that influenced symbolic
interactionism, noted for its emphasis on the ‘‘looking
glass self ’’
1902 Ebenezer Howard inspires urban reform with his Garden
Cities of To morrow
1902 Durkheim becomes the first Professor of Sociology in
Europe with his appointment
to a position at the Sorbonne
1902 The United States Census Bureau is founded
1902–79 Parsons, Talcott
1902–85 Braudel, Fernand
1902–92 Imanishi, Kinji
1903 Du Bois introduces the concepts of the veil and
double consciousness in The Souls of
Black Folk
1903 The LSE houses the first British Department of
Sociology
1903 Durkheim and his nephew Marcel Mauss’s Primitive
Classification shows the basis of
classification in the social world rather than the mind
1903 Formation of the Sociological Society in London;
operates on a UK wide basis
1903–69 Adorno, Theodor W.
1903–96 Bernard, Jessie
1904 Robert Park’s The Crowd and the Public is an early
contribution to the study of
collective behavior
1904 Contingency tables introduced by Pearson in ‘‘On the
Theory of Contingency and
its Relation to Association and Normal Correlation,’’
which appeared in Drapers’
Company Research Memoirs Biometric Series I
1904 Spearman develops rank correlation
1904–33 Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik founded
by Max Weber, Werner
Sombart, and Edgar Jaffe´; it was shut down when the
Nazis took power
1904–80 Bateson, Gregory
1904–90 Skinner, Burrhus Frederic
1905 American Sociological Society (ASS) [later ASA]
founded at a meeting held at Johns
Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland
1905 Weber ties the rise of the capitalist spirit to
Calvinism in The Protestant Ethic and the
Spirit of Capitalism
1905–6 Lester Ward serves as the first President of the
ASS
1905–80 Sartre, Jean Paul
1905–83 Aron, Raymond
1905–99 Komarovsky, Mirra
1906 First ASS meeting is held in Providence, Rhode
Island
1906
Sombart’s Why Is There No Socialism in the United States?
1906 Hobhouse publishes Morals in Evolution: A Study in
Comparative Ethics
1906–75 Arendt, Hannah
1907 Hobhouse becomes the first Professor of Sociology at
a British university, the LSE
(although Edvard Westermarck had held the position part
time a few weeks before
Hobhouse)
1907 James’s Pragmatism helps set the stage for the rise
of symbolic interactionism
1907 Eugenics Society founded in the UK
1908 Simmel publishes Soziologie, a wide ranging set of
essays on various social
phenomena
1908 Sociological Review founded
1908 William Sealy Gosset, who went by the pseudonym
‘‘student,’’ introduces the
statistic z for testing hypotheses on the mean of the
normal distribution in his paper
‘‘The Probable Error of a Mean’’ (Biometrika)
1908–86 Beauvoir, Simone de
1908–97 Davis, Kingsley
1908–2006 Galbraith, John Kenneth
1908– Le´vi Strauss, Claude
1909 German Sociological Association founded with To¨nnies
serving as the first President
1909 Freud delivers first lectures on psychoanalysis in
the US at Clark University
1909–2002 Riesman, David
1910 Addams’s Twenty Years at Hull House contains
recollections and reflections of the
social reformer and feminist
1910–89 Homans, George
1910–2003 Merton, Robert K.
1911 Frederick W. Taylor authors The Principles of
Scientific Management, laying out his
ideas of the same name
1911–63 Kuhn, Manford
1911–79 Germani, Gino
1911–80 McLuhan, Marshall
1911–2004 Riley, Matilda White
1912 Durkheim equates religion with the social in The
Elementary Forms of the Religious
Life
1912–96 Lemert, Edwin M.
1913 James Broadus Watson introduces the term
‘‘behaviorism’’
1913 The first assembly line introduced in a Ford factory
1913–2003 Coser, Lewis
1914–18 World War I
1914–96 Maruyama, Masao
1914–2000 Whyte, William Foote
1915 Pareto’s General Treatise on Sociology is a major
contribution to sociology by a
thinker most associated with economics
1915 Sir Patrick Geddes authors Cities in Evolution, an
essay on the growth of cities
1915–80 Barthes, Roland
1915–2005 Shanas, Ethel
1916 Saussure distinguishes between the signifier and the
signified in Course in General
Linguistics
1916–62 Mills, C. Wright
1916–72 Kent, Donald P.
1916–96 Strauss, Anselm
1916–2006 Jacobs, Jane
1917 Russian Revolution begins
1917 Sociology taught for the first time in India at
Calcutta University
1917– Whyte, William H.
1918 Znaniecki and Thomas use multiple methods in The
Polish Peasant in Europe and
America
1918 Weber’s lecture on ‘‘Science as Vocation’’
1918 The first Chair in Sociology in Germany is
established at the University of
Frankfurt
1918 The phrase ‘‘analysis of variance’’ appears in Sir
Ronald Aylmer Fisher’s ‘‘The
Causes of Human Variability’’ (Eugenics Review)
1918–22 Oswald Spengler’s Decline of the West argues that
the development of civilizations
follows a recognizable series of repetitive rises and
falls
1918–90 Althusser, Louis
1918–2002 Blau, Peter
1918– Tsurumi, Kazuko
1919 Sorokin’s doctoral dissertation, System of Sociology,
is published secretly after the
Russian Revolution
1919 Hirschfeld opens the Institute for Sexual Research
in Berlin
1919 The New School for Social Research is founded
1919 Takata Yasuma writes Shakaigaku Genri [Treatise on
Sociology], in which he
attempts a general sociological theory based on
methodological individualism
1919 First Sociology Department in India formed at Bombay
University
1919– Bell, Daniel
1920 Znaniecki becomes the first Chair in Sociology in
Poland at the University
of Poznan
1920–76 Braverman, Harry
1920–80 Gouldner, Alvin
1920–92 Bottomore, Thomas Burton
1921 Park and Burgess author Introduction to the Science
of Sociology, the first major
sociology textbook
1921–88 Williams, Raymond
1921–2002 Rawls, John
1921–2004 Duncan, Otis Dudley
1921–2006 Friedan, Betty
1922 Weber’s Economy and Society is published in three
volumes posthumously,
introducing his comparative historical methodology
1922 Malinowski publishes Argonauts of the Western
Pacific, in which he classifies
ethnographic research into three parts based on
complexity
1922 Social Science Research Council established in the
US
1922–82 Goffman, Erving
1922–92 Rosenberg, Morris
1922–96 Kuhn, Thomas
1922–97 Castoriadis, Cornelius
1922– Casanova, Pablo Gonza´lez
1923 Luka´cs’s History and Class Consciousness anticipates
a more humanist interpretation
of Marx; it is a key source on the concept of
‘‘reification’’
1923 The Institute of Social Research, also known as the
Frankfurt School, is founded
1923 Weber’s General Economic History (published
posthumously)
1923–2003 Kitsuse, John I.
1923– Eisenstadt, Shmuel N.
1924 Hisatoshi Tanabe founds Tokyo Shakaigaku Kenkyukai
(Tokyo Society of
Sociological Study)
1924 Sutherland presents the first systematic textbook
study of crime in Criminology
1924 Hobhouse publishes Social Development: Its Nature
and Conditions
1924–33 Elton Mayo conducts the Hawthorne Experiments on
worker productivity and
concludes that the very act of studying something can
change it, a principle that has
come to be known as the ‘‘Hawthorne effect’’
1924–98 Lyotard, Jean Franc¸ois
1924– Berger, Joseph
1924– Pearlin, Leonard
1924– Stryker, Sheldon
1925 Mauss develops his theory of gift exchange in The
Gift
1925 Halbwachs helps establish social memory studies with
The Social Frameworks of
Memory
1925 Park and Burgess invigorate urban sociology with The
City
1925 Fisher’s Statistical Methods for Research Workers becomes
a landmark text in the field
of statistics
1925–61 Fanon, Franz
1925–82 Emerson, Richard M.
1925–86 Certeau, Michel de
1925–94 Liebow, Elliot
1925–95 Deleuze, Gilles
1925–95 Gellner, Ernst
1925– Bauman, Zygmunt
1925– Rex, John Arderne
1925– Touraine, Alain
1926–84 Foucault, Michel
1926–95 Coleman, James
1926–2002 Illich, Ivan
1926– Smith, Dorothy
1927 Heidegger’s Being and Time is an existentialist
analysis of individuals’ relationship to
modern society
1927 Znaniecki founds the Polish Sociological Institute
1927–40 Benjamin collects notes that later become The
Arcades Project, an early classic on,
among many other things, consumption sites
1927–98 Luhmann, Niklas
1927– Bellah, Robert
1927– Ichibangase, Yasuko
1927– Luckmann, Thomas
1928 William I. Thomas and Dorothy S. Thomas introduce
the Thomas theorem – what
humans perceive as real will be real in its consequences
– in The Child in America
1928–2003 Hess, Beth
1928– Alatas, Syed Hussein
1928– Becker, Howard S.
1928– Chomsky, Noam
1928– Townsend, Peter Brereton
1929 Mannheim’s Ideology and Utopia elaborates his
sociology of knowledge
1929 The Great Depression begins in the US and spreads to
the rest of the world
1929 Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd conduct the
Middletown studies
1929 k statistics are introduced by Sir Ronald Aylmer
Fisher
1929–68 King, Jr., Martin Luther
1929– Baudrillard, Jean
1929– Berger, Peter
1929– Dahrendorf, Ralf
1929– Etzioni, Amitai
1929– Garfinkel, Harold
1929– Habermas, Ju¨rgen
1929– Scheff, Thomas Joel
1929– Tilly, Charles
1930 J. L. Moreno invents sociometry, the cornerstone of
network analysis
1930 Yanagita introduces his theory of shukenron (concentric
area theory) in his book
Kagyuko [On Snails]
1930–89 Spence, Donald L.
1930–92 Guattari, Fe´lix
1930–2002 Bourdieu, Pierre
1930–2004 Derrida, Jacques
1930– Wallerstein, Immanuel
1931 The Sociology Department at Harvard is established
by Sorokin
1931 Population Association of America (PAA) founded
1931 The term ‘‘factor analysis’’ introduced by Louis L.
Thurstone in ‘‘Multiple Factor
Analysis’’ (Psychological Review)
1931–94 Debord, Guy
1931– Cardozo, Fernando Henrique
1931– Rorty, Richard
1931– Tominaga, Ken’ichi
1931– Yoshida, Tamito
1932 Schu¨ tz’s The Phenomenology of the Social World introduces
phenomenology into
mainstream social theory
1932– Hall, Stuart
1932– Irigaray, Luce
1932– Stavenhagen, Rodolfo
1932– Virilio, Paul
1933–77 Shariati, Ali
1933–84 Milgram, Stanley
1934 Mead develops ideas central to symbolic
interactionism in Mind, Self, and Society
1934 The term ‘‘confidence interval’’ coined by Jerzy
Neyman in ‘‘On the Two Different
Aspects of the Representative Method’’ ( Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society)
1934 The F distribution tabulated by G. W. Snedecor in Calculation
and Interpretation of
Analysis of Variance and Covariance
1934–92 Lorde, Audre
1934– Gergen, Kenneth
1934– Jameson, Fredric
1935 Mannheim suggests a planned society in Man and
Society in an Age of Reconstruction
1935 American Sociological Review (ASR) begins with Frank
Hankins as editor
1935 The term ‘‘null hypothesis’’ is used by Fisher in The
Design of Experiments
1935–75 Sacks, Harvey
1935–91 Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo
1935–2002 Sainsaulieu, Renaud
1935–2003 Faletto, Enzo
1935–2003 Said, Edward W.
1935– Wilson, William Julius
1936 John Maynard Keynes introduces his economic theory
in General Theory of
Employment, Interest, and Money
1936–79 Poulantzas, Nicos
1937 Parsons helps bring European theory to the United
States in The Structure of Social
Action
1937 Mass Observation research unit set up by Tom
Harrison, Charles Madge, and
Humphrey Jennings
1937– Lemert, Charles
1937– Mita, Munesuke
1937– Willer, David
1938 Skinner’s The Behavior of Organisms is a major
contribution to psychological
behaviorism
1938 Journal of Marriage and the Family founded
1938–2002 Nozick, Robert
1938– Giddens, Anthony
1938– Robertson, Roland
1939 Elias develops his figurational sociology in The
Civilizing Process
1939–45 World War II
1939–2004 Lechner, Norbert
1939– Burke, Peter J.
1940–91 Fajnzylber, Fernando
1940– Ritzer, George
1940– Komai, Hiroshi
1941 Kinji Imanishi publishes Seibutsu no Sekai [The
World of Living Things], which is a
philosophical statement of his views on the origins and
interactions of organisms
with their environment and development of the biosphere
1941 William Lloyd Warner authors The Social Life of a
Modern Community, the first
volume in the ‘‘Yankee City’’ series
1941– Collins, Randall
1941– Kristeva, Julia
1942 Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy,
best known for the idea of
‘‘creative destruction’’ in capitalism
1942 William Henry Beveridge publishes Social Insurance
and Allied Services, known as
the Beveridge Report, establishing the foundations for
the welfare state
1942–2004 Anzaldu´ a, Gloria
1942– Bartra, Roger
1942– Castells, Manuel
1942– Turner, Jonathan
1943 Sartre further develops existentialism in Being and
Nothingness
1943 William Foote Whyte’s Street Corner Society is a
classic ethnography on street corner
life in Boston
1943 The statistical P value is discussed in Statistical
Adjustment of Data by W. E.
Deming
1943– Ahmed, Akbar S.
1943– Hartsock, Nancy
1944 Polanyi’s The Great Transformation discusses issues
of socialism, free trade, and the
Industrial Revolution
1944– Beck, Ulrich
1944– Brunner, Jose´ Joaquı´n
1944– Chodorow, Nancy
1944– Haraway, Donna
1944– Inagami, Takashi
1945 Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore lay the groundwork
for stratification in ‘‘Some
Principles of Stratification’’ (ASR)
1945 United Nations founded
1945– Turner, Bryan
1946 Parsons establishes the Department of Social
Relations at Harvard
1946– Cook, Karen S.
1946– Huat, Chua Beng
1946– Plummer, Kenneth
1946– Wuthnow, Robert
1947 Kinsey Institute founded at Indiana University at
Bloomington
1947 Horkheimer and Adorno criticize the Enlightenment in
The Dialectic of
Enlightenment
1947– Alexander, Jeffrey
1947– Latour, Bruno
1947– Wright, Erik Olin
1948 Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin
revolutionize the way many
think about sexuality with The Sexual Behavior of the
Human Male
1948 E. Franklin Frazier is elected the first black
President of the ASS
1948 Oliver Cromwell Cox authors his famous analysis in Caste,
Class, and Race
1948–2002 Rosenfeld, Rachel
1948– Collins, Patricia Hill
1948– Molm, Linda
1948– Shimazono, Susumu
1948– Ueno, Chizuko
1949 Le´vi Strauss helps develop structuralist thinking
with his The Elementary Structures
of Kinship
1949 Merton’s Social Theory and Social Structure appears,
the first edition of a classic
collection of essays
1949 Simone de Beauvoir challenges the traditional
concept of ‘‘woman’’ in The Second
Sex
1949 International Sociological Association founded with
Louis Wirth serving as the first
President
1949 Stoufer et al., The American Soldier: Adjustment
During Army Life, Vol. 1, is a major
empirical study of the American military
1949– Bhabha, Homi
1949– Z ˇ izˇek, Slavoj
1950 David Reisman, Nathan Glazer, and Reuel Denney
develop inner and other
directedness in The Lonely Crowd
1950– Fine, Gary Alan
1951 C. Wright Mills offers an analysis of working life
in the United States in White
Collar
1951 Parsons furthers his structural functional theory in
The Social System
1951 Parsons develops action theory in Toward a General
Theory of Action
1951 Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP)
founded in the United States
1951 SSSP begins publishing journal Social Problems
1951 British Sociological Association is founded
1951 Asch experiments are published demonstrating the
power of group conformity
1951 Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism is a classic
work in political theory, especially
totalitarianism
1951 Indian Sociological Society founded at Bombay
1951– DiMaggio, Paul
1952 International Social Science Council established
1952 Current Sociology, an official journal of the
International Sociological Association, is
launched
1952 American Psychiatric Association publishes first
edition of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual (DSM)
1952 Dorothy Swain Thomas is elected the first female
President of the ASS
1952 Sociological Bulletin first published at Bombay
University
1952– Bianchi, Suzanne
1953 Skinner’s Science and Human Behavior is a further
contribution to psychological
behaviorism
1953 Ludwig Wittgenstein’s ideas of language games are
presented in his work
Philosophical Investigations
1954 Abraham Maslow makes famous his hierarchy of needs
in Motivation and Personality
1954 Manford Kuhn and Thomas McPartland lay the
groundwork for structural symbolic
interactionism in ‘‘An Empirical Investigation of Self
Attitudes’’ (ASR)
1954 The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v.
Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas ends officially sanctioned segregation in
that country
1955 L. J. Moreno’s Sociometry is a major contribution to
social psychology
1955 Gino Germani’s Estructura Social de la Argentina [The
Social Structure of Argentina]
uses empirical data from the Argentinian national census
of 1947 to analyze
contemporary Argentina
1956 Mills argues that there has been a convergence of
economic, political, and military
power and that members of this elite largely share a
common social background in
The Power Elite
1956 Dahrendorf’s Class and Class Conflict in Industrial
Society becomes a central work in
conflict theory
1956 Coser integrates a Simmelian approach with
structural functionalism in the Functions
of Social Conflict
1956– Butler, Judith
1956– Markovsky, Barry
1957 Barthes helps develop semiology in Mythologies
1957 Chomsky revolutionizes the field of linguistics and
helps spark the cognitive
revolution with Syntactic Structures
1957 Richard Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy is an early
contribution and exemplification
of the Birmingham School
1957 Maruyama Masao writes Denken in Japan [ Japanese
Thought], which still serves as a
reference point for ongoing debates on the intellectual
development of modern Japan
1957 Michael Young and Peter Willmott author Family and
Kinship in East London,
exploring changes in kinship networks and contacts of
families in East London as
they are affected by urban change
1958 Galbraith challenges the idea of consumer
sovereignty in The Affluent Society
1958 Homans’s article ‘‘Social Behavior as Exchange’’ (AJS)
develops his notion of
exchange theory
1958 Raymond Williams presents his first major analysis
of culture in Culture and Society
1959 Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery argues
that scientific results can never
be proven, merely falsified
1959 Mills critiques structural functionalism in The
Sociological Imagination, also
introducing his concept of the same name
1959 Goffman’s early statement on dramaturgy is developed
in The Presentation of Self in
Everyday Life
1959 Thibaut and Kelley’s The Social Psychology of Groups
is an early psychological
contribution to exchange theory
1959 ASS changes its name to the American Sociological
Association (ASA)
1960 Journal of Health and Social Behavior ( JHSB)
founded
1960 Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier: A Social
and Political Portrait
1960 Alvin Gouldner’s ‘‘The Norm of Reciprocity: A
Preliminary Statement’’ (ASR)
1960 Margarey Stacey authors her first major work, Tradition
and Change: A Study of
Banbury
1961 Homans further develops his exchange theory in Social
Behavior: Its Elementary
Forms
1961 Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is a powerful
influence on revolutionary
movements
1961 Goffman introduces the idea of a total institution
in Asylums: Essays on the Social
Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates
1961 Jane Jacobs analyzes urban culture in The Death and
Life of Great American Cities
1961 International Journal of Comparative Sociology founded
1962 Richard Emerson introduces his first major statement
on exchange theory in
‘‘Power Dependence Relations’’ (ASR)
1962 Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific
Revolutions offers a revolutionary rather
than evolutionary theory of scientific change
1962 Habermas’s The Structural Transformation of the
Public Sphere is an important early
contribution to current debate on civil society
1962 Herbert Gans’s Urban Villagers is a classic in urban
sociology
1963 Goffman publishes Stigma, one of the first major
works in labeling theory
1963 Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique marks the
beginning of the second wave of
feminism for many
1963 Australian Sociological Association founded
(originally known as the Sociological
Association of Australia and New Zealand)
1963 Stanley Milgram’s experiments are outlined in his
article ‘‘Behavioral Study of
Obedience’’ ( Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology)
1963 Demography journal founded by Donald Bogue
1963 S. N. Eisenstadt presents analytic tools helpful for
cultural comparison in The
Political Systems of Empires
1963 European Fertility Project begun by Ansley Coale
1963 First issue of Sociology of Education published
1963 Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan’s Beyond the
Melting Pot is known for its
focus on assimilation
1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his ‘‘I Have a
Dream’’ speech in
Washington, DC
1963 Becker’s Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of
Deviance is a key document in the
sociology of deviance, especially labeling theory
1964 Blau’s major integrative statement in exchange
theory is laid out in Exchange and
Power in Social Life
1964 McLuhan discusses the global village in Understanding
Media: The Extensions of Man
1964 Marcuse publishes One Dimensional Man: Studies in
the Ideology of Advances in
Industrial Society, outlining what he sees as society’s
destructive impact on
individuals
1964 Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies founded
under the leadership of Richard
Hoggart at the University of Birmingham, UK
1964 Aaron V. Cicourel’s Method and Measurement in
Sociology
1965 Social Science Research Council established in the
UK (name changed to Economic
and Social Research Council in 1983)
1965 Foucault argues that the madman has taken the place
of the leper in Madness and
Civilization
1965 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology founded
(later changed to Journal of
Sociology in 1998)
1966 William Masters and Virginia Johnson further
research into human sexuality in
Human Sexual Response
1966 Berger and Luckmann further develop social
constructionism in The Social
Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of
Knowledge
1966 Scheff’s Being Mentally Ill: A Sociological Theory becomes
a major work in studies of
mental illness, social constructionism, and labeling
theory
1966 George McCall and J. L. Simmons help popularize
identity theory in Identities and
Interactions
1967 Derrida’s On Grammatology becomes a central text in
the emerging area of
poststructuralism
1967 Debord criticizes both the media and consumption in Society
of the Spectacle
1967 Garfinkel’s Studies in Ethnomethodology develops the
field of the same name
1967 Sociology, the official journal of the British
Sociological Association, is founded
1967 Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss’s The Discovery of
Grounded Theory: Strategies for
Qualitative Research introduces their theory of the same
name
1967 Liebow’s Tally’s Corner: A Study of Negro
Streetcorner Men is an important
ethnographic study carried out in Washington, DC
1967 Gans’s The Levittowners is another classic
ethnography, this time in a paradigmatic
suburban development
1967 Otis Dudley Duncan authors The American Occupational
Structure, detailing how
parents transmit their societal status to their children
1968 Student revolts begin in Paris and spread throughout
Europe
1968 Paul Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb issues an early,
perhaps overheated, warning
about the population explosion
1968 John Goldthorpe, David Lockwood, Frank Bechhofer,
and Jennifer Platt, in The
Affluent Worker: Industrial Attitudes and Behavior, argue
that the growing affluence
of sections of the working class in Britain does not
entail the end of class division,
but that class remains a central feature of British life
even in a prosperous, consumer
society
1968 Chinese Sociology and Anthropology founded
1969 Blumer gives one of the first systematic statements
of symbolic interactionism in
Symbolic Interactionism: Perspectives and Methods
1969 Althusser lays the groundwork of structural Marxism
in For Marx
1969 Native Americans take over Alcatraz Island in
California, launching their civil rights
movement
1969 The gay rights movement is launched during the
Stonewall Riots in New York City
1969 Faletto and Cardoso author Dependencia y Desarrollo
en Ame´rica Latina [Dependency
and Development in Latin America], which attempts to
systematize an interpretive
model of economic development in Latin America
1970 Students protesting the American invasion of
Cambodia are shot by National
Guardsmen at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, setting
off a wave of student
strikes across the United States
1970 Gouldner critiques trends in sociology, especially
structural functionalism, in The
Coming Crisis of Western Sociology
1970 Baudrillard’s Consumer Society: Myths and Structures
becomes a classic text in the
study of consumption
1970 Thomas S. Szasz launches a critique of psychiatry in
The Manufacture of Madness: A
Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental
Health Movement
1970 The first Women’s Studies Program in the United
States opens at San Diego State
College
1970 Phillip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness discusses
individualism, isolation, loneliness,
and hyperconsumption circa the 1960s
1970 Fajnzylber publishes his first important work, Sistema
Industrial y Exportacio´n de
Manufacturas: Ana´lisis de la Experiencia Brasilen˜a [The
Industrial System and
Manufactured Goods: An Analysis of the Brazilian
Experience]
1971 Habermas presents a prehistory of modern positivism
with the intention of analyzing
knowledge constitutive interests in control,
understanding, and emancipation in
Knowledge and Human Interests
1971 Antonio Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks are published,
making his ideas, including
hegemony, better known
1971 Phillip Zimbardo conducts his famous prison
experiments at Stanford
1971 Sociologists for Women in Society (SWS) founded
1971 William Ryan’s Blaming the Victim appears; the title
becomes a catchphrase to
describe placing blame on victims rather than on
perpetrators
1972 The First General Social Survey (GSS) is taken
1972 The destruction of the Pruitt Igoe housing complex
in St. Louis marks the end of
the modernist reign for some postmodernists
1972 Journal on Armed Forces and Society founded
1972 Philippine Sociological Review founded
1973 Baudrillard challenges Marx in The Mirror of
Production
1973 Clifford Geertz introduces his notion of ‘‘thick descriptions’’
in The Interpretation of
Cultures
1973 David Rosenhan questions taken for granted notions
of sanity and insanity in ‘‘On
Being Sane in Insane Places’’ (Science)
1973 The United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade
gives women the right to
choose in issues of abortion
1973 Mark Granovetter’s ‘‘The Strength of Weak Ties’’ (AJS)
introduces his concept of
the same name
1973 Bell’s The Coming of Post Industrial Society documents
and anticipates dramatic
social change
1974 Immanuel Wallerstein develops world systems theory
in the first of his three
volume work, The Modern World System
1974 First issue of Theory and Society published
1974 Goffman’s Frame Analysis: An Essay on the
Organization of Experience introduces the
influential idea of frames
1974 Glen Elder, Jr.’s Children of the Great Depression sets
the stage for the development
of the life course perspective
1974 The National Commission for the Protection of Human
Subjects of Biomedical and
Behavioral Research is established
1974 Henri Lefebvre brings spatial concerns to the
forefront of social analysis in The
Production of Space
1975 George Ritzer’s Sociology: A Multiple Paradigm
Science outlines the paradigmatic
status of sociology and constitutes a contribution to
metatheory
1975 Randall Collins develops a micro perspective on
conflict theory in Conflict Sociology:
Toward an Explanatory Science
1975 E. O. Wilson’s Sociobiology: A New Synthesis is a
key statement in the development
of sociobiology
1975 Foucault outlines the history and theory of the
carceral system in Discipline and
Punish: The Birth of the Prison
1975 Foucault employs his idea of an archeology of
knowledge in The Birth of the Clinic:
An Archeology of Medical Perception
1975 Castoriadis’s The Imaginary Institution of Society presents
an interdisciplinary
critique of contemporary capitalist societies, in part by
formulating an alternative to
both foundationalist social science and poststructural
relativism
1975 Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation becomes an
important text in the animal rights
movement
1975 Canadian Journal of Sociology founded
1976 Baudrillard argues that we can no longer engage in
symbolic exchange in his
Symbolic Exchange and Death
1976 Elijah Anderson’s A Place on the Corner becomes a
cornerstone of classical ethnography
1977 Bourdieu introduces habitus, field, and his
constructivist structuralism in Outline of
a Theory of Practice
1977 Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory introduces
the perspective of the same
name
1977 James House’s ‘‘The Three Faces of Social
Psychology’’ (Sociometry) provides
perspective for the field
1977 Joseph Berger, M. Hamit Fisek, Robert Norman, and
Morris Zelditch’s Status
Characteristics and Social Interaction: An Expectation
States Approach introduces the
theory of the same name
1977 Richard Sennett’s The Fall of Public Man demonstrates
the impoverishment of the
social world
1977 R. W. Connell’s Ruling Class, Ruling Culture:
Studies of Conflict, Power, and
Hegemony in Australian Life deals with Australian class
relations and culture
1977 Norbert Lechner urges Latin Americans to use
political reflection as a guide to
theoretical analysis in La Crisis del Estado en Ame´rica
Latina
1978 The publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism is a
foundational historical moment in
the rise of postcolonial studies
1978 Derrida’s Writing and Difference is another key
contribution to poststructuralism
1978 Nancy Chodorow expands on Freud in The Reproduction
of Mothering:
Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender
1978 The Society for Applied Sociology founded
1979 Roy Bhaskar authors The Possibility of Naturalism: A
Philosophical Critique of the
Contemporary Human Sciences, a cornerstone of critical
realism
1979 Arlie Hochschild introduces the idea of emotional
labor in ‘‘Emotion Work, Feeling
Rules, and Social Structure’’
1979 Lyotard’s The Postmodern Condition declares war on
the modern grand narrative and
totalizations
1979 Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar’s Laboratory Life:
The Social Construction of
Scientific Facts introduces actor network theory (ANT)
1979 Rorty argues for a pragmatic philosophy in Philosophy
and the Mirror of Nature
1979 Theda Skocpol’s States and Social Revolutions makes
the case for the importance of
the state in social revolutions
1979 Morris Rosenberg broadens understandings of the self
concept in Conceiving the Self
1979 Chinese Sociological Association is founded
1980 Foucault publishes the first of his three volume The
History of Sexuality, which
becomes a classic in poststructuralist and queer theories
1980 Stuart Hall’s ‘‘Encoding/Decoding’’ appears in Culture,
Media, Language and argues
that audiences interpret the same television material in
different ways
1980 Adrienne Rich introduces the lesbian continuum in
‘‘Compulsory Heterosexuality
and the Lesbian Existence’’
1980 Sheldon Stryker develops structural identity theory
in Symbolic Interactionism: A
Social Structural Version
1980 Ali Shariati publishes On the Sociology of Islam
1980 The Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences founded
1981 Gary Becker authors A Treatise on the Family, a key
text in the sociology of the
family
1981 Alain Touraine outlines the techniques of
‘‘sociological intervention’’ in The Voice
and the Eye
1981 Leonard Pearlin’s ‘‘The Stress Process’’ ( JHSB)
outlines the concept of the same
name
1981 Willer and Anderson’s Networks, Exchange and
Coercion
1981 First AIDS case reported in the United States
1982 First issue of Theory, Culture, and Society is
published
1982 Luhmann’s early work on systems theory is presented
in The Differentiation of
Society
1982 Margaret Archer’s ‘‘Morphogenesis versus
Structuration: On Combining Structure
and Action’’ (BJS) makes the case for systems theory vs.
structuration theory
1982–3 Jeffrey Alexander updates functionalism in his
four volume Theoretical Logic in
Sociology
1983 Karen Cook, Richard Emerson, Mary Gillmore, and
Toshio Yamagishi further
develop exchange theory in ‘‘The Distribution of Power in
Exchange Networks:
Theory and Experimental Results’’ (AJS)
1983 Baudrillard’s Simulations introduces his famous
concept of the same name
1983 Nancy Hartsock authors ‘‘The Feminist Standpoint:
Developing the Ground for a
Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism,’’ a key
contribution to standpoint
theory
1983 Hochschild analyzes the emotional labor of airline
attendants and bill collectors in
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
1983 First issue of Sociological Theory published
1983 Barry Wellman’s contribution to network analysis in
‘‘Network Analysis: Some Basic
Principles’’ (Sociological Theory)
1983 Melvin Kohn and Carmi Schooler’s Work and
Personality: An Inquiry into the Impact
of Social Stratification is a key work on the
relationship between class and work
1983 Paul DiMaggio and Walter Powell’s ‘‘The Iron Cage
Revisited: Institutional
Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational
Fields’’ will achieve the
most cumulative citations in ASR history
1984 Anthony Giddens’s most developed statement on
structuration theory appears in
The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of
Structuration
1984 Habermas develops his ideas of communicative
rationality in The Theory of
Communicative Action, Vol. 1: Reason and the
Rationalization of Society
1984 Certeau’s The Practice of Everyday Life accords
great power to the agent
1984 Bourdieu’s Homo Academicus is a study of academia
from the author’s distinctive
theoretical perspective
1984 Bourdieu’s Distinction: A Social Critique of the
Judgment of Taste
1984 Luhmann develops his systems theory in Social
Systems
1985 Gayatri Spivak’s ‘‘Can the Subaltern Speak?
Speculations on Widow Sacrifice’’
(Wedge 7/8) becomes a classic in postcolonial studies
1985 Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti Oedipus: Capitalism and
Schizophrenia makes an
important contribution to poststructural/postmodern
theory
1985 Jeffrey Alexander and Paul Colomy’s ‘‘Toward Neo
Functionalism’’ (Sociological
Theory) develops the short lived theory of the same name
1985 Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s Hegemony and
Socialist Strategy: Towards a
Radical Democratic Politics marks an important shift in
neo Marxian theory
1985 European Sociological Review founded
1986 Ulrich Beck develops the notion of risk in Risk
Society: Towards a New Modernity
1986 Lacan revises Freudian psychoanalysis in the context
of Saussurean linguistics in
Ecrits
1986 Paul Virilio’s Speed and Politics introduces the
idea of speed through his notion of
dromology
1986 International Sociology founded
1987 Dorothy Smith presents a phenomenological feminist
critique in The Everyday
World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology
1987 Gilles Lipovetsky develops a post postmodernism in The
Empire of Fashion: Dressing
Modern Democracy
1987 Candace West and Don Zimmerman differentiate sex,
sex category, and gender in
‘‘Doing Gender’’ (Gender and Society)
1988 Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman argue that the mass
media are a political tool
of political propaganda in Manufacturing Consent: The
Political Economy of the Mass
Media
1988 Barry Markovsky, David Willer, and Travis Patton
author ‘‘Power Relations in
Exchange Networks’’ (ASR)
1988 Linda Molm emphasizes rewards in exchange theory in
‘‘The Structure and Use of
Power: A Comparison of Reward and Punishment Power’’ (Social
Psychology
Quarterly)
1988 Journal of Historical Sociology founded
1989 Z ˇ izˇek develops his ideas of ideology critique
and cultural analysis in The Sublime
Object of Ideology
1989 Bauman’s Modernity and the Holocaust argues that the
Holocaust was an instantiation
of modernity and argues for a sociology of morality
1989 David Harvey further develops social geography and
the idea of time space
compression in The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry
into the Origins of
Cultural Change
1989 Edward Soja brings spatial concerns to the forefront
once again in Postmodern
Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social
Theory
1989 Trinh Minh ha’s Woman, Native, Other: Writing
Postcoloniality and Feminism
1989 Michael Moore’s first major documentary, Roger &
Me, exposes the effects of plant
closures on social life in Flint, Michigan
1989 Berlin Wall falls
1990 James S. Coleman develops rational choice theory in Foundations
of Social Theory
1990 Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble challenges
traditional ideas of sex, gender, and
sexuality
1990 Giddens introduces his idea of the juggernaut in The
Consequences of Modernity
1990 Donna Haraway contributes to postmodern feminism
with ‘‘A Manifesto for
Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism’’
1990 Patricia Hill Collins develops intersectionality in Black
Feminist Thought: Knowledge,
Consciousness, and Empowerment
1990 Tamito Yoshida publishes Jyoho to Jiko Soshiki sei
no Riron [Theory of Information
and Self Organizing Systems], outlining his general
systems theory
1990 Socie´te´s Contemporaines founded
1990–2 The National Comorbidity Survey administers
structured psychiatric exams to
respondents to assess levels of disorder
1991 Jameson’s Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of
Late Capitalism integrates neo
Marxian and postmodern ideas
1991 Kenneth Gergen brings postmodernity to bear on the
self in The Saturated Self:
Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life
1991 Giddens’s Modernity and Self Identity: Self and
Society in the Late Modern Age is a
discussion of important microsociological issues
1991 Sharon Zukin links power to geography in Landscapes
of Power: From Detroit to
Disney World
1991 The term ‘‘new urbanism’’ is introduced at a meeting
of urban reformers in
California
1991 Steven Best and Douglas Kellner’s Postmodern Theory:
Critical Interrogations is a
useful overview of postmodern theory
1991 Saskia Sassen introduces the term ‘‘global city’’ in
her book The Global City: New
York, London, Tokyo
1991 Berliner Journal fur Soziologie founded in Berlin
1992 Francis Fukuyama argues in The End of History and
the Last Man that the
progression of human history as a struggle between
ideologies is largely at an end,
with liberal democracy coming out the winner
1992 Marc Auge’s Non Places: An Introduction to an
Anthropology of Supermodernity
introduces the ideas of non place and supermodernity
1992 Roland Robertson develops the idea of glocalization
in Globalization: Social Theory
and Global Culture
1992 First European Conference of Sociology is held in
Vienna
1992 Bourdieu and Wacquant’s An Invitation to Reflexive
Sociology presents an overview
of Bourdieu’s ideas
1992 Bauman’s Intimations of Postmodernity contains
contributions to postmodern theory
by a modernist
1992 European Sociological Association founded
1992 Mitchell Duneier’s Slim’s Table: Race,
Respectability, and Masculinity becomes a
classic in ethnographic studies
1992 International Journal of Japanese Sociology founded
1993 Bruno Latour establishes actor network theory (ANT)
in We Have Never Been
Modern
1993 Ritzer’s The McDonaldization of Society: An
Investigation into the Changing Character
of Contemporary Social Life brings Weber’s thesis of
rationalization to bear on
contemporary society and consumption
1994 Homi Bhabha contributes to studies of both culture
and postcolonialism with The
Location of Culture
1994 Cornell West’s Race Matters is an important
contribution to multidisciplinary
thinking on race
1994 Cairo hosts UN International Conference on
Population and Development, which
leads to major reforms in population planning
1994 Giddens’s Beyond Left and Right: The Future of
Radical Politics marks a shift in his
work to more practical issues
1995 Benjamin Barber’s Jihad vs. McWorld contrasts a
homogenizing and heterogenizing
approach to global politics
1995 Michel Maffesoli develops neotribalism in The Time
of Tribes
1995 Soziale Systeme founded
1996 Castells argues the importance of information in The
Rise of the Network Society
1996 Appadurai’s Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions
of Globalization introduces the
idea of ‘‘scapes’’
1996 Samuel Huntington argues the importance of cultural
civilizations in The Clash of
Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order
1996 Asia Pacific Sociological Association founded
1997 Chomsky authors Media Control: The Spectacular
Achievements of Propaganda,
summarizing his views on the media as well as terrorism
1997 Peter Burke outlines his model of a cybernetic
identity theory in ‘‘An Identity Model
of Network Exchange’’ (ASR)
1997 Hochschild’s The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home
and Home Becomes Work
discusses the time bind placed on contemporary families,
the importance of the
‘‘second shift,’’ and even the ‘‘third shift’’
1997 Kathryn Edin and Laura Lein demonstrate the
inefficiencies of the welfare system in
the United States in Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers
Survive Welfare and
Low Wage Work
1998 Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial
Studies founded
1998 Arts and Humanities Research Board established in
the UK (changed to Arts and
Humanities Research Council in 2005)
1999 Barry Glassner publishes a critical insight into the
role of fear in US culture in The
Culture of Fear: Why Americans are Afraid of the Wrong
Things
2000 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s Empire argues that
imperialism is being replaced
by an empire without a national base
2000 Robert Putnam’s Bowling Alone: The Collapse and
Revival of American Community
2000 Bauman’s Liquid Modernity provides new imagery in a
theory of the contemporary
world
2001 Edward Lawler advocates the role of emotion in ‘‘An
Affect Theory of Social
Exchange’’ (AJS)
2001 September 11, 2001: terrorists hijack airplanes and
destroy the World Trade Center
in New York City
2001 Barbara Ehrenreich brings light to the difficulties
of living on the minimum wage in
Nickled and Dimed: On Not Getting By in America
2002 Leslie Sklair argues for alternatives to global
capitalism in Globalization: Capitalism
and its Alternatives
2003 Chandra Mohanty’s Feminism Without Borders:
Decolonizing Theory, Practicing
Solidarity
2003 John Urry brings chaos theory to bear on globalization
in Global Complexity
2003 Annette Lareau argues that class based childrearing
practices perpetuate social
inequality in Unequal Childhoods: Race, Class, and Family
Life
2004 Michael Burawoy, President of the ASA, launches a
major debate on public
sociology with his presidential address
2004 Hardt and Negri release Multitude: War and Democracy
in the Age of Empire as a
follow up to their 2000 work on empire
2005 ASA holds Centennial meeting in San Francisco,
California
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